composer/doc/articles/plugins.md

<!--
    tagline: Modify and extend Composer's functionality
-->

# Setting up and using plugins

## Synopsis

You may wish to alter or expand Composer's functionality with your own. For
example if your environment poses special requirements on the behaviour of
Composer which do not apply to the majority of its users or if you wish to
accomplish something with composer in a way that is not desired by most users.

In these cases you could consider creating a plugin to handle your
specific logic.

## Creating a Plugin

A plugin is a regular Composer package which ships its code as part of the
package and may also depend on further packages.

### Plugin Package

The package file is the same as any other package file but with the following
requirements:

1. The [type][1] attribute must be `composer-plugin`.
2. The [extra][2] attribute must contain an element `class` defining the
   class name of the plugin (including namespace). If a package contains
   multiple plugins, this can be array of class names.
3. You must require the special package called `composer-plugin-api`
   to define which Plugin API versions your plugin is compatible with.

The required version of the `composer-plugin-api` follows the same [rules][7]
as a normal package's.

The current composer plugin API version is 1.1.0.

An example of a valid plugin `composer.json` file (with the autoloading
part omitted):

```json
{
    "name": "my/plugin-package",
    "type": "composer-plugin",
    "require": {
        "composer-plugin-api": "^1.1"
    },
    "extra": {
        "class": "My\\Plugin"
    }
}
```

### Plugin Class

Every plugin has to supply a class which implements the
[`Composer\Plugin\PluginInterface`][3]. The `activate()` method of the plugin
is called after the plugin is loaded and receives an instance of
[`Composer\Composer`][4] as well as an instance of
[`Composer\IO\IOInterface`][5]. Using these two objects all configuration can
be read and all internal objects and state can be manipulated as desired.

Example:

```php
<?php

namespace phpDocumentor\Composer;

use Composer\Composer;
use Composer\IO\IOInterface;
use Composer\Plugin\PluginInterface;

class TemplateInstallerPlugin implements PluginInterface
{
    public function activate(Composer $composer, IOInterface $io)
    {
        $installer = new TemplateInstaller($io, $composer);
        $composer->getInstallationManager()->addInstaller($installer);
    }
}
```

## Event Handler

Furthermore plugins may implement the
[`Composer\EventDispatcher\EventSubscriberInterface`][6] in order to have its
event handlers automatically registered with the `EventDispatcher` when the
plugin is loaded.

To register a method to an event, implement the method `getSubscribedEvents()`
and have it return an array. The array key must be the
[event name](https://getcomposer.org/doc/articles/scripts.md#event-names)
and the value is the name of the method in this class to be called.

```php
public static function getSubscribedEvents()
{
    return array(
        'post-autoload-dump' => 'methodToBeCalled',
        // ^ event name ^         ^ method name ^
    );
}
```

By default, the priority of an event handler is set to 0. The priority can be
changed by attaching a tuple where the first value is the method name, as
before, and the second value is an integer representing the priority.
Higher integers represent higher priorities. Priority 2 is called before
priority 1, etc.

```php
public static function getSubscribedEvents()
{
    return array(
        // Will be called before events with priority 0
        'post-autoload-dump' => array('methodToBeCalled', 1)
    );
}
```

If multiple methods should be called, then an array of tuples can be attached
to each event. The tuples do not need to include the priority. If it is
omitted, it will default to 0.

```php
public static function getSubscribedEvents()
{
    return array(
        'post-autoload-dump' => array(
            array('methodToBeCalled'      ), // Priority defaults to 0
            array('someOtherMethodName', 1), // This fires first
        )
    );
}
```

Here's a complete example:

```php
<?php

namespace Naderman\Composer\AWS;

use Composer\Composer;
use Composer\EventDispatcher\EventSubscriberInterface;
use Composer\IO\IOInterface;
use Composer\Plugin\PluginInterface;
use Composer\Plugin\PluginEvents;
use Composer\Plugin\PreFileDownloadEvent;

class AwsPlugin implements PluginInterface, EventSubscriberInterface
{
    protected $composer;
    protected $io;

    public function activate(Composer $composer, IOInterface $io)
    {
        $this->composer = $composer;
        $this->io = $io;
    }

    public static function getSubscribedEvents()
    {
        return array(
            PluginEvents::PRE_FILE_DOWNLOAD => array(
                array('onPreFileDownload', 0)
            ),
        );
    }

    public function onPreFileDownload(PreFileDownloadEvent $event)
    {
        $protocol = parse_url($event->getProcessedUrl(), PHP_URL_SCHEME);

        if ($protocol === 's3') {
            $awsClient = new AwsClient($this->io, $this->composer->getConfig());
            $s3Downloader = new S3Downloader($this->io, $event->getHttpDownloader()->getOptions(), $awsClient);
            $event->setHttpdownloader($s3Downloader);
        }
    }
}
```

## Plugin capabilities

Composer defines a standard set of capabilities which may be implemented by plugins.
Their goal is to make the plugin ecosystem more stable as it reduces the need to mess
with [`Composer\Composer`][4]'s internal state, by providing explicit extension points
for common plugin requirements.

Capable Plugins classes must implement the [`Composer\Plugin\Capable`][8] interface
and declare their capabilities in the `getCapabilities()` method.
This method must return an array, with the _key_ as a Composer Capability class name,
and the _value_ as the Plugin's own implementation class name of said Capability:

```php
<?php

namespace My\Composer;

use Composer\Composer;
use Composer\IO\IOInterface;
use Composer\Plugin\PluginInterface;
use Composer\Plugin\Capable;

class Plugin implements PluginInterface, Capable
{
    public function activate(Composer $composer, IOInterface $io)
    {
    }

    public function getCapabilities()
    {
        return array(
            'Composer\Plugin\Capability\CommandProvider' => 'My\Composer\CommandProvider',
        );
    }
}
```

### Command provider

The [`Composer\Plugin\Capability\CommandProvider`][9] capability allows to register
additional commands for Composer :

```php
<?php

namespace My\Composer;

use Composer\Plugin\Capability\CommandProvider as CommandProviderCapability;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
use Composer\Command\BaseCommand;

class CommandProvider implements CommandProviderCapability
{
    public function getCommands()
    {
        return array(new Command);
    }
}

class Command extends BaseCommand
{
    protected function configure()
    {
        $this->setName('custom-plugin-command');
    }

    protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
    {
        $output->writeln('Executing');
    }
}
```

Now the `custom-plugin-command` is available alongside Composer commands.

> _Composer commands are based on the [Symfony Console Component][10]._

## Using Plugins

Plugin packages are automatically loaded as soon as they are installed and will
be loaded when composer starts up if they are found in the current project's
list of installed packages. Additionally all plugin packages installed in the
`COMPOSER_HOME` directory using the composer global command are loaded before
local project plugins are loaded.

> You may pass the `--no-plugins` option to composer commands to disable all
> installed plugins. This may be particularly helpful if any of the plugins
> causes errors and you wish to update or uninstall it.

[1]: ../04-schema.md#type
[2]: ../04-schema.md#extra
[3]: https://github.com/composer/composer/blob/master/src/Composer/Plugin/PluginInterface.php
[4]: https://github.com/composer/composer/blob/master/src/Composer/Composer.php
[5]: https://github.com/composer/composer/blob/master/src/Composer/IO/IOInterface.php
[6]: https://github.com/composer/composer/blob/master/src/Composer/EventDispatcher/EventSubscriberInterface.php
[7]: ../01-basic-usage.md#package-versions
[8]: https://github.com/composer/composer/blob/master/src/Composer/Plugin/Capable.php
[9]: https://github.com/composer/composer/blob/master/src/Composer/Plugin/Capability/CommandProvider.php
[10]: https://symfony.com/doc/current/components/console.html