Fix problem output of exact constraints to state more clearly that only those versions are matched (#11521)

Fixes #11479

composer.json

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
         "composer/ca-bundle": "^1.0",
         "composer/class-map-generator": "^1.0",
         "composer/metadata-minifier": "^1.0",
-        "composer/semver": "^3.0",
+        "composer/semver": "^3.2.5",
         "composer/spdx-licenses": "^1.5.7",
         "composer/xdebug-handler": "^2.0.2 || ^3.0.3",
         "justinrainbow/json-schema": "^5.2.11",

composer.lock

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
         "Read more about it at https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md#installing-dependencies",
         "This file is @generated automatically"
     ],
-    "content-hash": "cc535e8c9fc8f1414a1cede463898453",
+    "content-hash": "c50c89580fa044b7523cb55c2d557c87",
     "packages": [
         {
             "name": "composer/ca-bundle",

src/Composer/DependencyResolver/Problem.php

@@ -557,6 +557,19 @@ class Problem
      */
     protected static function constraintToText(?ConstraintInterface $constraint = null): string
     {
+        if ($constraint instanceof Constraint && $constraint->getOperator() === Constraint::STR_OP_EQ && !str_starts_with($constraint->getVersion(), 'dev-')) {
+            if (!Preg::isMatch('{^\d+(?:\.\d+)*$}', $constraint->getPrettyString())) {
+                return ' '.$constraint->getPrettyString() .' (exact version match)';
+            }
+
+            $versions = [$constraint->getPrettyString()];
+            for ($i = 3 - substr_count($versions[0], '.'); $i > 0; $i--) {
+                $versions[] = end($versions) . '.0';
+            }
+
+            return ' ' . $constraint->getPrettyString() . ' (exact version match: ' . (count($versions) > 1 ? implode(', ', array_slice($versions, 0, -1)) . ' or ' . end($versions) : $versions[0]) . ')';
+        }
+
         return $constraint ? ' '.$constraint->getPrettyString() : '';
     }
 }

tests/Composer/Test/Fixtures/installer/alias-on-unloadable-package.test

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ Updating dependencies
 Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.
 
   Problem 1
-    - Root composer.json requires a/aliased 3.0.2 as 3.0.3, found a/aliased[1.2.3] but it does not match the constraint.
+    - Root composer.json requires a/aliased 3.0.2 as 3.0.3 (exact version match), found a/aliased[1.2.3] but it does not match the constraint.
 
 --EXPECT--
-

tests/Composer/Test/Fixtures/installer/solver-problems-with-disabled-platform.test

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.
   Problem 3
     - Root composer.json requires linked library lib-icu 1001.* but it has the wrong version installed, try upgrading the intl extension.
   Problem 4
-    - Root composer.json requires PHP extension ext-foobar 1.0.0 but it is missing from your system. Install or enable PHP's foobar extension.
+    - Root composer.json requires PHP extension ext-foobar 1.0.0 (exact version match: 1.0.0 or 1.0.0.0) but it is missing from your system. Install or enable PHP's foobar extension.
   Problem 5
     - Root composer.json requires PHP extension ext-pcre ^8 but the ext-pcre package is disabled by your platform config. Enable it again with "composer config platform.ext-pcre --unset".
   Problem 6

tests/Composer/Test/Fixtures/installer/solver-problems.test

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.
   Problem 3
     - Root composer.json requires non-existent/pkg, it could not be found in any version, there may be a typo in the package name.
   Problem 4
-    - Root composer.json requires stable-requiree-excluded/pkg 1.0.1, found stable-requiree-excluded/pkg[1.0.1] but the package is fixed to 1.0.0 (lock file version) by a partial update and that version does not match. Make sure you list it as an argument for the update command.
+    - Root composer.json requires stable-requiree-excluded/pkg 1.0.1 (exact version match: 1.0.1 or 1.0.1.0), found stable-requiree-excluded/pkg[1.0.1] but the package is fixed to 1.0.0 (lock file version) by a partial update and that version does not match. Make sure you list it as an argument for the update command.
   Problem 5
     - Root composer.json requires linked library lib-xml 1002.* but it has the wrong version installed or is missing from your system, make sure to load the extension providing it.
   Problem 6
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.
   Problem 7
     - Root composer.json requires PHP extension ext-xml 1002.* but it has the wrong version installed (%s).
   Problem 8
-    - Root composer.json requires php 1 but your php version (%s) does not satisfy that requirement.
+    - Root composer.json requires php 1 (exact version match: 1, 1.0, 1.0.0 or 1.0.0.0) but your php version (%s) does not satisfy that requirement.
   Problem 9
     - Root composer.json requires package/found 2.* -> satisfiable by package/found[2.0.0].
     - package/found 2.0.0 requires unstable/package2 2.* -> found unstable/package2[2.0.0-alpha] but it does not match your minimum-stability.