diff --git a/src/Composer/DependencyResolver/PoolBuilder.php b/src/Composer/DependencyResolver/PoolBuilder.php
index 82b89cb3a..52aefa251 100644
--- a/src/Composer/DependencyResolver/PoolBuilder.php
+++ b/src/Composer/DependencyResolver/PoolBuilder.php
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ class PoolBuilder
     private $skippedLoad = [];
     /** @var list<string> */
     private $ignoredTypes = [];
+    /** @var list<string>|null */
+    private $allowedTypes = null;
 
     /**
      * If provided, only these package names are loaded
@@ -173,6 +175,8 @@ class PoolBuilder
     }
 
     /**
+     * Packages of those types are ignored
+     *
      * @param list<string> $types
      */
     public function setIgnoredTypes(array $types): void
@@ -180,6 +184,16 @@ class PoolBuilder
         $this->ignoredTypes = $types;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Only packages of those types are allowed if set to non-null
+     *
+     * @param list<string>|null $types
+     */
+    public function setAllowedTypes(?array $types): void
+    {
+        $this->allowedTypes = $types;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param RepositoryInterface[] $repositories
      */
@@ -416,6 +430,10 @@ class PoolBuilder
             }
             foreach ($result['packages'] as $package) {
                 $this->loadedPerRepo[$repoIndex][$package->getName()][$package->getVersion()] = $package;
+
+                if (in_array($package->getType(), $this->ignoredTypes, true) || ($this->allowedTypes !== null && !in_array($package->getType(), $this->allowedTypes, true))) {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 $this->loadPackage($request, $repositories, $package, !isset($this->pathRepoUnlocked[$package->getName()]));
             }
         }
@@ -426,10 +444,6 @@ class PoolBuilder
      */
     private function loadPackage(Request $request, array $repositories, BasePackage $package, bool $propagateUpdate): void
     {
-        if (in_array($package->getType(), $this->ignoredTypes, true)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
         $index = $this->indexCounter++;
         $this->packages[$index] = $package;
 
diff --git a/src/Composer/Installer.php b/src/Composer/Installer.php
index fe50c8fde..d1d943d36 100644
--- a/src/Composer/Installer.php
+++ b/src/Composer/Installer.php
@@ -176,6 +176,10 @@ class Installer
     protected $errorOnAudit = false;
     /** @var Auditor::FORMAT_* */
     protected $auditFormat = Auditor::FORMAT_SUMMARY;
+    /** @var list<string> */
+    private $ignoredTypes = ['php-ext', 'php-ext-zend'];
+    /** @var list<string>|null */
+    private $allowedTypes = null;
 
     /** @var bool */
     protected $updateMirrors = false;
@@ -492,7 +496,7 @@ class Installer
             $request->setUpdateAllowList($this->updateAllowList, $this->updateAllowTransitiveDependencies);
         }
 
-        $pool = $repositorySet->createPool($request, $this->io, $this->eventDispatcher, $this->createPoolOptimizer($policy));
+        $pool = $repositorySet->createPool($request, $this->io, $this->eventDispatcher, $this->createPoolOptimizer($policy), $this->ignoredTypes, $this->allowedTypes);
 
         $this->io->writeError('<info>Updating dependencies</info>');
 
@@ -750,7 +754,7 @@ class Installer
                 $request->requireName($link->getTarget(), $link->getConstraint());
             }
 
-            $pool = $repositorySet->createPool($request, $this->io, $this->eventDispatcher);
+            $pool = $repositorySet->createPool($request, $this->io, $this->eventDispatcher, null, $this->ignoredTypes, $this->allowedTypes);
 
             // solve dependencies
             $solver = new Solver($policy, $pool, $this->io);
@@ -1103,6 +1107,26 @@ class Installer
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Packages of those types are ignored, by default php-ext and php-ext-zend are ignored
+     *
+     * @param list<string> $types
+     */
+    public function setIgnoredTypes(array $types): void
+    {
+        $this->ignoredTypes = $types;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Only packages of those types are allowed if set to non-null
+     *
+     * @param list<string>|null $types
+     */
+    public function setAllowedTypes(?array $types): void
+    {
+        $this->allowedTypes = $types;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @return $this
      */
diff --git a/src/Composer/Repository/RepositorySet.php b/src/Composer/Repository/RepositorySet.php
index 2a9a49b7d..f6e8c7802 100644
--- a/src/Composer/Repository/RepositorySet.php
+++ b/src/Composer/Repository/RepositorySet.php
@@ -310,11 +310,15 @@ class RepositorySet
 
     /**
      * Create a pool for dependency resolution from the packages in this repository set.
+     *
+     * @param list<string>      $ignoredTypes Packages of those types are ignored
+     * @param list<string>|null $allowedTypes Only packages of those types are allowed if set to non-null
      */
-    public function createPool(Request $request, IOInterface $io, ?EventDispatcher $eventDispatcher = null, ?PoolOptimizer $poolOptimizer = null): Pool
+    public function createPool(Request $request, IOInterface $io, ?EventDispatcher $eventDispatcher = null, ?PoolOptimizer $poolOptimizer = null, array $ignoredTypes = [], ?array $allowedTypes = null): Pool
     {
         $poolBuilder = new PoolBuilder($this->acceptableStabilities, $this->stabilityFlags, $this->rootAliases, $this->rootReferences, $io, $eventDispatcher, $poolOptimizer, $this->temporaryConstraints);
-        $poolBuilder->setIgnoredTypes(['php-ext', 'php-ext-zend']);
+        $poolBuilder->setIgnoredTypes($ignoredTypes);
+        $poolBuilder->setAllowedTypes($allowedTypes);
 
         foreach ($this->repositories as $repo) {
             if (($repo instanceof InstalledRepositoryInterface || $repo instanceof InstalledRepository) && !$this->allowInstalledRepositories) {