Update basic docs on install/update, fixes #9754
Jordi Boggiano
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@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ to find the file at the top of your VCS repository.
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### The `require` key
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The first (and often only) thing you specify in `composer.json` is the
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The first thing you specify in `composer.json` is the
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[`require`](04-schema.md#require) key. You are telling Composer which
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packages your project depends on.
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```json
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{
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"require": {
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"monolog/monolog": "1.0.*"
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"monolog/monolog": "2.0.*"
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}
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}
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```
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@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ As you can see, [`require`](04-schema.md#require) takes an object that maps
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Composer uses this information to search for the right set of files in package
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"repositories" that you register using the [`repositories`](04-schema.md#repositories)
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key, or in Packagist, the default package repository. In the above example,
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since no other repository has been registered in the `composer.json` file, it is
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assumed that the `monolog/monolog` package is registered on Packagist. (See more
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about Packagist [below](#packagist), or read more about repositories
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[here](05-repositories.md)).
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key, or in [Packagist.org](https://packagist.org), the default package repository.
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In the above example, since no other repository has been registered in the
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`composer.json` file, it is assumed that the `monolog/monolog` package is registered
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on Packagist.org. (See more about Packagist [below](#packagist), or read more
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about repositories [here](05-repositories.md)).
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### Package names
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@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ you to require certain versions of server software. See
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### Package version constraints
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In our example, we are requesting the Monolog package with the version constraint
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[`1.0.*`](https://semver.mwl.be/#?package=monolog%2Fmonolog&version=1.0.*).
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This means any version in the `1.0` development branch, or any version that is
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greater than or equal to 1.0 and less than 1.1 (`>=1.0 <1.1`).
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[`2.0.*`](https://semver.mwl.be/#?package=monolog%2Fmonolog&version=2.0.*).
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This means any version in the `2.0` development branch, or any version that is
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greater than or equal to 2.0 and less than 2.1 (`>=2.0 <2.1`).
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Please read [versions](articles/versions.md) for more in-depth information on
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versions, how versions relate to each other, and on version constraints.
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@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ versions, how versions relate to each other, and on version constraints.
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> and searches for it in any repositories that you have registered using the
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> [`repositories`](04-schema.md#repositories) key. If you have not registered
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> any extra repositories, or it does not find a package with that name in the
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> repositories you have specified, it falls back to Packagist (more [below](#packagist)).
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> repositories you have specified, it falls back to Packagist.org (more [below](#packagist)).
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>
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> When Composer finds the right package, either in Packagist or in a repo you have specified,
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> When Composer finds the right package, either in Packagist.org or in a repo you have specified,
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> it then uses the versioning features of the package's VCS (i.e., branches and tags)
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> to attempt to find the best match for the version constraint you have specified. Be sure to read
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> about versions and package resolution in the [versions article](articles/versions.md).
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@ -89,54 +89,35 @@ versions, how versions relate to each other, and on version constraints.
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## Installing dependencies
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To install the defined dependencies for your project, run the
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[`install`](03-cli.md#install-i) command.
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To initially install the defined dependencies for your project, you should run the
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[`update`](03-cli.md#update-u) command.
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```sh
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php composer.phar install
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php composer.phar update
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```
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When you run this command, one of two things may happen:
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This will make Composer do two things:
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### Installing without `composer.lock`
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If you have never run the command before and there is also no `composer.lock` file present,
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Composer resolves all dependencies listed in your `composer.json` file and downloads
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the latest version of their files into the `vendor` directory in your project. (The `vendor`
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directory is the conventional location for all third-party code in a project). In our
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example from above, you would end up with the Monolog source files in
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`vendor/monolog/monolog/`. If Monolog listed any dependencies, those would also be in
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folders under `vendor/`.
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- It resolves all dependencies listed in your `composer.json` file and writes all of the
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packages and their exact versions to the `composer.lock` file, locking the project to
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those specific versions. You should commit the `composer.lock` file to your project repo
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so that all people working on the project are locked to the same versions of dependencies
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(more below). This is the main role of the `update` command.
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- It then implicitly runs the [`install`](03-cli.md#install-i) command. This will download
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the dependencies' files into the `vendor` directory in your project. (The `vendor`
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directory is the conventional location for all third-party code in a project). In our
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example from above, you would end up with the Monolog source files in
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`vendor/monolog/monolog/`. As Monolog has a dependency on `psr/log`, that package's files
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can also be found inside `vendor/`.
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> **Tip:** If you are using git for your project, you probably want to add
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> `vendor` in your `.gitignore`. You really don't want to add all of that
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> third-party code to your versioned repository.
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When Composer has finished installing, it writes all of the packages and the exact versions
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of them that it downloaded to the `composer.lock` file, locking the project to those specific
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versions. You should commit the `composer.lock` file to your project repo so that all people
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working on the project are locked to the same versions of dependencies (more below).
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### Installing with `composer.lock`
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This brings us to the second scenario. If there is already a `composer.lock` file as well as a
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`composer.json` file when you run `composer install`, it means either you ran the
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`install` command before, or someone else on the project ran the `install` command and
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committed the `composer.lock` file to the project (which is good).
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Either way, running `install` when a `composer.lock` file is present resolves and installs
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all dependencies that you listed in `composer.json`, but Composer uses the exact versions listed
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in `composer.lock` to ensure that the package versions are consistent for everyone
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working on your project. As a result you will have all dependencies requested by your
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`composer.json` file, but they may not all be at the very latest available versions
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(some of the dependencies listed in the `composer.lock` file may have released newer versions since
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the file was created). This is by design, it ensures that your project does not break because of
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unexpected changes in dependencies.
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### Commit your `composer.lock` file to version control
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Committing this file to VC is important because it will cause anyone who sets
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up the project to use the exact same
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Committing this file to version control is important because it will cause anyone
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who sets up the project to use the exact same
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versions of the dependencies that you are using. Your CI server, production
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machines, other developers in your team, everything and everyone runs on the
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same dependencies, which mitigates the potential for bugs affecting only some
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@ -148,14 +129,36 @@ still working even if your dependencies released many new versions since then.
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> **Note:** For libraries it is not necessary to commit the lock
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> file, see also: [Libraries - Lock file](02-libraries.md#lock-file).
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### Installing from `composer.lock`
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If there is already a `composer.lock` file in the project folder, it means either
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you ran the `update` command before, or someone else on the project ran the `update`
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command and committed the `composer.lock` file to the project (which is good).
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Either way, running `install` when a `composer.lock` file is present resolves and installs
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all dependencies that you listed in `composer.json`, but Composer uses the exact versions listed
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in `composer.lock` to ensure that the package versions are consistent for everyone
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working on your project. As a result you will have all dependencies requested by your
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`composer.json` file, but they may not all be at the very latest available versions
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(some of the dependencies listed in the `composer.lock` file may have released newer versions since
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the file was created). This is by design, it ensures that your project does not break because of
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unexpected changes in dependencies.
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So after fetching new changes from your VCS repository it is recommended to run
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a Composer `install` to make sure the vendor directory is up in sync with your
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`composer.lock` file.
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```sh
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php composer.phar install
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```
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## Updating dependencies to their latest versions
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As mentioned above, the `composer.lock` file prevents you from automatically getting
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the latest versions of your dependencies. To update to the latest versions, use the
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[`update`](03-cli.md#update-u) command. This will fetch the latest matching
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versions (according to your `composer.json` file) and update the lock file
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with the new versions. (This is equivalent to deleting the `composer.lock` file
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and running `install` again.)
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with the new versions.
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```sh
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php composer.phar update
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@ -173,13 +176,13 @@ php composer.phar update monolog/monolog [...]
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## Packagist
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[Packagist](https://packagist.org/) is the main Composer repository. A Composer
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[Packagist.org](https://packagist.org/) is the main Composer repository. A Composer
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repository is basically a package source: a place where you can get packages
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from. Packagist aims to be the central repository that everybody uses. This
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means that you can automatically `require` any package that is available there,
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without further specifying where Composer should look for the package.
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If you go to the [Packagist website](https://packagist.org/) (packagist.org),
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If you go to the [Packagist.org website](https://packagist.org/),
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you can browse and search for packages.
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Any open source project using Composer is recommended to publish their packages
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@ -222,7 +225,7 @@ require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
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$log = new Monolog\Logger('name');
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$log->pushHandler(new Monolog\Handler\StreamHandler('app.log', Monolog\Logger::WARNING));
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$log->addWarning('Foo');
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$log->warning('Foo');
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```
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You can even add your own code to the autoloader by adding an
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@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class Installer
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// Force update if there is no lock file present
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if (!$this->update && !$this->locker->isLocked()) {
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$this->io->writeError('<warning>No lock file found. Updating dependencies instead of installing from lock file. Use composer update over composer install if you do not have a lock file.</warning>');
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$this->io->writeError('<warning>No composer.lock file present. Updating dependencies to latest instead of installing from lock file. See https://getcomposer.org/install for more information.</warning>');
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$this->update = true;
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}
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